| Leaves {YaleToolkit} | R Documentation |
Measurements of the percentages of leaves in 31 morphological (or architectural) categories found in 245 leaf floras from 4 studies.
data(Leaves)
A data frame with 245 observations on the following 33 variables.
LobdEntrTRegTClsTRndTAcuTCmpZNanZLe1ZLe2ZMi1ZMi2ZMi3ZMe1ZMe2ZMe3AEmgARndAAcuAAtnBCorBRndBAcuRlt1Rb12Rb23Rb34Rgt4SOboSElpSOvtMATStudyWolfe173 Jacobs Gregory KowalskiData consists of a data frame with 245 rows and 33 columns (variables). The rows represent floras (collections of plants from a defined locality); the first 31 variables are percentages of leaves in each flora in each of 31 morphological categories; the 32nd variable is mean annual temperature of the area from which the floras was collected in degrees C, and the 32nd is a factor indicating which of 4 published studies the floras come from. See cited publications for more details.
Green, W. A. (2006) Loosening the CLAMP: An exploratory graphical approach to the Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program {it Palaeontologia Electronica} 9(2):9A.
<http://www.palaeo-electronica.org/2006_2/clamp/index.html>
<http://www.open.ac.uk/earth-research/spicer/CLAMP/Physg3ar.xls> (the climatic variables)
<http://www.open.ac.uk/earth-research/spicer/CLAMP/MET3AR.xls> (the morphological leaf scores)
Gregory-Wodzicki, K. M. (2000) Relationships between leaf morphology and climate, Bolivia: implications for estimating paleoclimate from fossil floras. {it Paleobiology} 26(4):668–688.
Jacobs, B. F. (1999) Estimation of rainfall variables from leaf characters in tropical Africa. {it Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology} 145:231–250.
Jacobs, B. F. (2002) Estimation of low-latitude paleoclimates using fossil angiosperm leaves: examples from the Miocene Tugen Hills, Kenya. {it Paleobiology} 28(3):399–421.
Kowalski, E. A. (2002) Mean annual temperature estimation base on leaf morphology: a test from tropical South America. {it Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology} 188:141–165.
Wolfe, J.A., (1993), A method of obtaining climatic parameters from leaf assemblages. {it U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin} 2040, 73 pp.
data(Leaves) ## maybe str(Leaves) ; plot(Leaves) ...