| phylogeny {languageR} | R Documentation |
Phylogenetic relations between Papuan and Oceanic languages
Description
Phylogenetic relations between Papuan and Oceanic languages: 127
grammatical traits (absent/present) for 31 languages.
Usage
data(phylogeny)
Format
A data frame with 31 observations on the following 127 variables.
Language- a factor for 31 languages:
Anem, Ata,
Bali, Banoni, Bilua, Buin, Gapapaiwa,
Kairiru, Kaulong, Kilivila, Kokota,
Kol, Kuot, Lavukaleve, Mali, Motuna,
Nalik, Nasioi, Rotokas, Roviana,
Savosavo, Siar, Sisiqa, Sudest,
Sulka, Taiof, Takia, Touo, Tungag,
Yabem and Yeli_Dnye.
Family- a factor with levels
Oceanic and Papuan.
Frics- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PrenasalizedStops- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PhonDistBetweenLAndR- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PhonVelarFricOrGlide- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PhonVoicingContrAmongStops- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PhonConsLength- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PhonVowelLength- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ContrPhonTypesForVowels- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PhonStress- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
WordFinalConss- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ConsClusters- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
DefOrSpecArt- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
IndefOrNonSpecArt- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ArticleNounOrder- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NounInitNps- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
InclExclDist- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PronNum- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PronRelationship- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PronConflation- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
MoreThan2DegreesDistDem- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NonSpkrAnchoredDem- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerticalityDem- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ClassifiedDem- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NumDeterminedDecl- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
GenderDeterminedDecl- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SuppletiveNouns- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SingMarkedNoun- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
DualMarkedNoun- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PlMarkedNoun- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
OtherNumMarkedNoun- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
LimitedDistNumMarking- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NounClassesGenders- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ConcordBeyondNp- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NumeralClassifiers- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PossClassifiers- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PossClasses- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Inalienability- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
MultiplePossConstr- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PrefixMarkedPoss- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SuffixMarkedPoss- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
MarkedPossr- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
MarkedPossessee- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PossrPossdOrder- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
DecimalNumerals- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
QuinaryNumerals- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
CollectiveNouns- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
AdjVerbLexOverlap- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
AdjAttributionPred- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
CoreCaseMarking- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ObliqueCaseMarking- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Prepositions- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Postpositions- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
TamPerson- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbPrefixesProclitics- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbSuffixesEnclitics- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PunctualContinuous- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
RealisIrrealis- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SSuffix- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SPrefix- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ASuffix- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
APrefix- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
OSuffix- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
OPrefix- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbVarTam- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbVarVClass- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbVarClauseType- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbVarPerson- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NumStemAlt- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PersonStemAlt- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SepVerbNumPerson- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Portmanteau3Plus- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
DistributedCategory- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NonCore- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
RecipientObj- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
X3PlacePreds- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbNeg- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbDirection- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbSuppletion- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ConjugationClasses- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
TransIntransAlt- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
TransitivizingMorph- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
IntranstivizingMorph- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ReflexiveMorph- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ReciprocalMorph- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbClassifiers- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Copula- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NonVbPreds- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SerialVerbConstr- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Auxiliaries- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbCompounds- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbAdjunctConstr- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VbIncorporation- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ExistentialVerb- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
IrregularGive- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ClosedClassOfVb- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SvIntransClauses- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VsIntransClauses- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VInitTransClauses- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VMedialTransClauses- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VFinalTransClauses- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
FixedConstituentOrder- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ClauseFinalNeg- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ClauseInitNeg- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ImpVs.DeclNeg- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VbAndNonVbPredIdentity- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SOMorphInBasicConstr- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SAMorphInBasicConstr- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SOMorphInComplexConstr- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SAMorphInComplexConstr- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SynConflationOfSO- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ControlledUncontrolled- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ClauseChaining- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SimultaneousSequential- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SayInDesidConstr- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
RelativeClauses- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PurpSubClauses- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
TemporalSubClauses- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ComplementClauses- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
CausBySerialVerbConstr- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
CausByBoundAffClit- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
CausByConstrInvolvingSay- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
MorphTopicOrFocus- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
TailHeadLinkage- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbRedup- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NounRedup- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Source
Dunn, M., Terrill, A., Reesink, G., Foley, R. A. and Levinson, S. C. (2005)
Structural phylogenetics and the reconstruction of ancient language history,
Science, 309, 2072-2075.
Examples
## Not run:
data(phylogeny)
library(ape)
# joint analysis of both language families
phylogeny.dist = dist(phylogeny[ ,3:ncol(phylogeny)], method = "binary")
phylogeny.dist.tr = nj(phylogeny.dist)
families =
as.character(phylogeny$Family[as.numeric(phylogeny.dist.tr$tip.label)])
languages =
as.character(phylogeny$Language[as.numeric(phylogeny.dist.tr$tip.label)])
phylogeny.dist.tr$tip.label = languages
plot(phylogeny.dist.tr, type="u", font = as.numeric(as.factor(families)))
# analysis of subset of Papuan languages
papuan = phylogeny[phylogeny$Family == "Papuan",]
papuan$Language = as.factor(as.character(papuan$Language))
papuan.meta = papuan[ ,1:2]
papuan.mat = papuan[, 3:ncol(papuan)]
papuan.meta$Geography = c(
"Bougainville", "Bismarck Archipelago", "Bougainville",
"Bismarck Archipelago", "Bismarck Archipelago", "Central Solomons",
"Bougainville", "Louisiade Archipelago", "Bougainville",
"Bismarck Archipelago", "Bismarck Archipelago",
"Bismarck Archipelago", "Central Solomons", "Central Solomons",
"Central Solomons")
papuan.dist = dist(papuan.mat, method = "binary")
papuan.dist.tr = nj(papuan.dist)
fonts =
as.character(papuan.meta$Geography[as.numeric(
papuan.dist.tr$tip.label)])
papuan.dist.tr$tip.label =
as.character(papuan.meta$Language[as.numeric(
papuan.dist.tr$tip.label)])
plot(papuan.dist.tr, type = "u", font = as.numeric(as.factor(fonts)))
## End(Not run)
[Package
languageR version 0.955
Index]