GLMM {lme4} | R Documentation

## Fit Generalized Linear Mixed Models via PQL

### Description

Fit a GLMM model with multivariate normal random effects, using Penalized Quasi-Likelihood.

### Usage

    GLMM(formula, family, data, random, control, niter, method, verbose, ...)

### Arguments

`formula` | a two-sided linear model formula giving fixed-effects part of the model.
`family` | a GLM family, see `glm`.
`random` | A formula or list of formulae describing the random effects.
`data` | an optional data frame used as the first place to find variables in the formulae.
`control` | an optional argument to be passed to `lme`.
`niter` | maximum number of PQL iterations. Default is 20.
`method` | character: Estimation method to be used. Possible values are `"PQL"`, the default, or `"Laplace"`. `"PQL"` provides penalized quasi-likelihood estimates. `"Laplace"` provides PQL estimation followed by optimization of the second-order Laplacian approximation to the marginal log-likelihood.
`verbose` | logical: print out record of iterations? Default is `FALSE`.
`...` | Optional further arguments such as `subset` and `na.action`.

### Value

A object of class `"glmm"`: see `reStruct-class`.

### References

Schall, R. (1991) Estimation in generalized linear models with random effects. Biometrika 78, 719–727.

Breslow, N. E. and Clayton, D. G. (1993) Approximate inference in generalized linear mixed models. Journal of the American Statistical Association 88, 9–25.

Wolfinger, R. and O'Connell, M. (1993) Generalized linear mixed models: a pseudo-likelihood approach. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 48, 233–243.

### See Also

`lme`

### Examples

    library(lme4)
    data(guImmun)
    fm1 = GLMM(immun ~ kid2p + mom25p + ord + ethn +
                      momEd + husEd + momWork + rural + pcInd81,
              data = guImmun, family = binomial,
              random = ~1|comm/mom)
    summary(fm1)
    fm2 = GLMM(immun ~ kid2p + mom25p + ord + ethn +
                      momEd + husEd + momWork + rural + pcInd81,
              data = guImmun, family = binomial,
              random = ~1|comm, method = 'Laplace')
    summary(fm2)

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