carb                 package:seacarb                 R Documentation

_P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r_s _o_f _t_h_e _s_e_a_w_a_t_e_r _c_a_r_b_o_n_a_t_e _s_y_s_t_e_m

_D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n:

     Returns parameters of the seawater carbonate system.

_U_s_a_g_e:

     carb(flag = 8, var1 = 8.2, var2 = 2400, S = 35, T = 25, P = 0, k1k2 = "r", 
     phflag = 0, ini = "s")

_A_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s:

    flag: select the couple of variables to be used, see below, default
          is 8 that is pH and total alkalinity

          The flags which can be used are: 

          flag = 1      pH and CO2 given

          flag = 2      CO2 and HCO3 given

          flag = 3      CO2 and CO3 given

          flag = 4      CO2 and ALK given

          flag = 5      CO2 and DIC given

          flag = 6      pH and HCO3 given

          flag = 7      pH and CO3 given

          flag = 8      pH and ALK given

          flag = 9      pH and DIC given

          flag = 10     HCO3 and CO3 given

          flag = 11     HCO3 and ALK given

          flag = 12     HCO3 and DIC given

          flag = 13     CO3 and ALK given

          flag = 14     CO3 and DIC given

          flag = 15     ALK and DIC given 

    var1: enter value of the first variable in umol/kg except for pH,
          default is pH = 8.2

    var2: enter value of the second variable in umol/kg except for pH,
          default is total alkalinity = 2400 umol/kg

       S: Salinity, default is 35

       T: Temperature in degrees Celsius, default is 25oC

       P: Hydrostatic pressure in bar (surface = 0), default is 0

    k1k2: "r" for using K1 and K2 from Roy et al. and "m" for using K1
          and K2 from Mehrbach, default is "r"

  phflag: The pH scale is either the total scale (0) or the free scale
          (1), default is 0

     ini: "s" if the input data are given through the keyboard or "f"
          if there are provided in a file (see example below), default
          = s

_D_e_t_a_i_l_s:

     Note that the results output is also stored in the file carb.out
     located in your working directory. It is a text file with tab
     delimiters. This file is created if it does not exist and the
     results are appended if it is already present in the directory.

_V_a_l_u_e:

       S: Salinity

       T: Temperature in degrees Celsius

       P: Pressure in bar

      PH: pH

     CO2: CO2 concentration (mol/kg)

    pCO2: pCO2, CO2 partial pressure (uatm)

    fCO2: fCO2, CO2 fugacity (uatm)

    HCO3: HCO3 concentration (mol/kg)

     CO3: CO3 concentration (mol/kg)

     DIC: DIC concentration (mol/kg)

     ALK: ALK, total alkalinity (mol/kg)

      Oa: Omega aragonite, aragonite saturation state

      Oc: Omega calcite, calcite saturation state

    PhiD: PhiD, chemical buffer factor (dpH/d[DIC]); input/output of
          dissolved CO2 (unit pH per mol/kg)

   BetaD: BetaD, homogeneous buffer factor (dln(pCO2)/dln[DIC]);
          input/output of dissolved CO2

     PiD: PiD, chemical buffer factor (dpCO2/d[DIC]); input/output of
          dissolved CO2 (uatm per mol/kg)

    PhiB: PhiB, chemical buffer factor (dpH/d[DIC]); from input/output
          of bicarbonate (unit pH per mol/kg)

   BetaB: BetaB, homogeneous buffer factor (dln(pCO2)/dln[DIC]);
          input/output of bicarbonate

     PiB: PiB, chemical buffer factor (dpCO2/d[DIC]); input/output of
          dissolved CO2 (uatm per mol/kg)

    PhiC: PhiC, chemical buffer factor (dpH/d[DIC]); input/output of
          carbonate (unit pH per mol/kg)

   BetaC: BetaC, homogeneous buffer factor (dln(pCO2)/dln[DIC]);
          input/output of carbonate

     PiC: PiC, chemical buffer factor (dpCO2/d[DIC]); input/output of
          carbonate (uatm per mol/kg)

    PhiH: PhiH, chemical buffer factor (dpH/d[DIC]); input/output of
          strong acid (unit pH per mol/kg)

     PiH: PiH, chemical buffer factor (dpCO2/d[DIC]); input/output of
          strong acid (uatm per mol/kg)

_A_u_t_h_o_r(_s):

     Aurelien Proye and Jean-Pierre Gattuso

_R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s:

     DOE 1994 _Handbook of methods for the analysis of the various
     parameters of the carbon dioxide system in sea water_.
     ORNL/CDIAC-74. Oak Ridge,Tenn.: Carbon Dioxide Information
     Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

     Frankignoulle, M. 1994 A complete set of buffer factors for
     acid/base CO2 system in seawater. _Journal of Marine Systems_ *5*,
     111-118.

     Zeebe, R. E. and Wolf-Gladrow D. A., 2001 _CO2 in seawater:
     equilibrium, kinetics, isotopes_. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 346 pp.

_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s:

     ## Not run: ##Data entry via the keyboard
     carb(8, 8.2, 2400, 35, 25, 0) 

     ## Not run: The input parameters are pH=8.2, total alkalinity = 2400 umol/kg,
      Salinity = 35, temperature = 25 oC and pressure = 0 bar (that is surface water)

     The output is:

     Salinity:                35 
     Temperature:             25 oC
     Pressure:                0 bar
     pH:                      8.2 
     CO2:                     7.477544e-06 (mol/kg)
     pCO2:                    263.3691 (uatm)
     fCO2:                    262.54 (uatm)
     HCO3:                    0.001649802 (mol/kg)
     CO3:                     0.0003108231 (mol/kg)
     DIC:                     0.001968102 (mol/kg)
     ALK:                     0.0024 (mol/kg)
     Omega aragonite:         4.929621 
     Omega calcite:           7.478931 
     PhiD:                    -1369.120 
     BetaD:                   8.160777 
     PiD:                     1.092065 
     PhiB:                    -182.8422 
     BetaB:                   1.956302 
     PiB:                     0.2617900 
     PhiC:                    1003.436 
     BetaC:                   -4.248173 
     PiC:                     -0.5684854 
     PhiH:                    -1186.278 
     PiH:                     0.8302753 

     ## Data entry via a file
     carb(ini = "f")

     The file must be located in your home directory and provide the column names 
     (these names MUST match the names listed above) and the data must be separated
     by tabs. Note that, in contrast to the keyboard input, variables used in the
     file input must be in mol/kg.

     For example:

     flag    PH      ALK     S       T       P
     8       8.2     2400e-6 35      20      0
     8       8.2     2400e-6 35      20      0

     ## End(Not run)

