butterfly {ade4} | R Documentation

## Genetics-Ecology-Environment Triple

### Description

This data set contains environmental and genetics informations about 16 Euphydryas editha butterfly colonies studied in California and Oregon.

### Usage

    data(butterfly)

### Format

`butterfly` is a list with 4 components.

xy
  is a data frame with the two coordinates of the 16 Euphydryas editha butterfly colonies.
envir
  is a environmental data frame of 16 sites - 4 variables.
genet
  is a genetics data frame of 16 sites - 6 allele frequencies.
contour
  is a data frame for background map (California map).

### Source

McKechnie, S.W., Ehrlich, P.R. and White, R.R. (1975) Population genetics of Euphydryas butterflies. I. Genetic variation and the neutrality hypothesis. Genetics, 81, 571–594.

Manly, B.F. (1994) Multivariate Statistical Methods. A primer. Second edition. Chapman & Hall, London. 1–215.

### Examples

    library(mva)
    data(butterfly)
    par(mfrow = c(2,2))
    s.label(butterfly$xy, contour = butterfly$contour, inc = FALSE)
    table.dist(dist(butterfly$xy), labels = row.names(butterfly$xy)) # depends of mva
    s.value(butterfly$xy, dudi.pca(butterfly$envir, scan = FALSE)$li[,1],
        contour = butterfly$contour, inc = FALSE, csi = 3)
    plot(mantel.randtest(dist(butterfly$xy), dist(butterfly$gen), 99),
        main = "genetic/spatial")
    par(mfrow = c(1,1))

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