read.cep {vegan} | R Documentation

## Reads a CEP (Canoco) data file

### Description

`read.cep` reads a file formatted by relaxed strict CEP format used by `Canoco` software, among others.

### Usage

    read.cep(file, maxdata=10000, positive=TRUE, trace=FALSE, force=FALSE)

### Arguments

`file` | File name (character variable).
`maxdata` | Maximum number of non-zero entries.
`positive` | Only positive entries, like in community data.
`trace` | Work verbosely.
`force` | Run function, even if R refuses first.

### Details

Cornell Ecology Programs (CEP) introduced several data formats designed for punched cards. One of these was the `condensed strict' format which was adopted by popular software `DECORANA` and `TWINSPAN`. Later, Cajo ter Braak wrote `Canoco` based on `DECORANA`, where he adopted the format, but relaxed it somewhat (that's why I call it a `relaxed strict' format). Further, he introduced a more ordinary `free' format, and allowed the use of classical Fortran style `open' format with fixed field widths. This function should be able to deal with all these `Canoco` formats, whereas it cannot read many of the traditional CEP alternatives.

All variants of CEP formats have:

- Two or three title cards, most importantly specifying the format (or word `FREE`) and the number of items per record (number of species and sites for `FREE` format).
- Data in one of three accepted formats:
  1. Condensed format: First number on the line is the site identifier, and it is followed by pairs (`couplets') of numbers identifying the species and its abundance (an integer and a floating point number).
  2. Open Fortran format, where the first number on the line must be the site number, followed by abundance values in fields of fixed widths. Empty fields are interpreted as zeros.
  3. `Free' format, where the numbers are interpreted as abundance values. These numbers must be separated by blank space, and zeros must be written as zeros.
- Species and site names, given in Fortran format `(10A8)`: Ten names per line, eight columns for each.

With option `positive = TRUE` the function removes all lines and columns with zero or negative marginal sums. In community data with only positive entries, this removes empty sites and species. If data entries can be negative, this ruins data, and such data sets should be read in with option `positive = FALSE`.

### Value

Returns a data frame, where columns are species and rows are sites. Column and row names are taken from the CEP file, and changed into unique R names by `make.names` after stripping the blanks.

### Note

The function relies on smooth linking of Fortran file IO in R session. This is not guaranteed to work, and therefore the function may not work in your system, but it can crash the R session. Therefore the default is that the function does not run. If you still want to try:

1. Save your session
2. Run `read.cep()` with switch `force=TRUE`

If you transfer files between operating systems or platforms, you should always check that your file is formatted to your current platform. For instance, if you transfer files from Windows to Linux, you should change the files to `unix` format, or your session may crash when Fortran program tries to read the invisible characters that Windows uses at the end of each line.

If you compiled `vegan` using `gfortran`, the input is probably corrupted. You either should compile `vegan` with other FORTRAN compilers or not to use `read.cep`. The problems still persist in `gfortran 4.01`.

### Author(s)

Jari Oksanen

### References

Ter Braak, C.J.F. (1984–): CANOCO – a FORTRAN program for canonical community ordination by [partial] [detrended] [canonical] correspondence analysis, principal components analysis and redundancy analysis. TNO Inst. of Applied Computer Sci., Stat. Dept. Wageningen, The Netherlands.

### Examples

    ## Provided that you have the file `dune.spe'
    ## Not run:
    theclassic <- read.cep("dune.spe", force=T)
    ## End(Not run)

[Package vegan version 1.8-8 Index]