uri                  package:Biodem                  R Documentation

_C_a_l_c_u_l_a_t_e_s _t_h_e _U_n_b_i_a_s_e_d _R_a_n_d_o_m _I_s_o_n_y_m_y _m_a_t_r_i_x

_D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n:

     "uri" calculates the unbiased random isonymy coefficient starting
     from surname frequencies.

_U_s_a_g_e:

     uri(x)

_A_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s:

       x: is a surname frequency table where the N rows correspond to
          the surnames present in the whole population and the M
          columns are the (sub)populations 

_D_e_t_a_i_l_s:

     The function implements Morton's isonymy method as outlined by
     Relethford. Unbiased estimations of intra-(sub)population isonymy
     were included. Unbiased Random Isonymy is an argument needed to
     calculate 'a priori' and conditional kinship matrices using the
     "rel.phi" and "rel.cond" functions.

_V_a_l_u_e:

     Returns a square symmetric unbiased isonymy matrix.

_N_o_t_e:

     The use of ``uri'' could be problematic, because different people
     are likely to arrange isonymy data in different ways on their
     computers. We decided for a matrix format for the isonymy data;
     the function would originally accept data in a different format
     and then convert it internally, but this would be a problem for
     people with data arranged in a different format. In the end we
     decided to write a specific function, "sur.freq", to generate
     surname frequency tables directly from raw marriage data or
     marriage-like data (the most commonly used sources in
     bio-demographic studies). For other types of surname data, see the
     verbose explanation in the info for the dataset "surnames" so it
     would be clear for the user how ``uri'' works.

_A_u_t_h_o_r(_s):

     Federico C. F. Calboli and Alessio Boattini
     alessio.boattini2@unibo.it

_R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s:

     Morton, N. E. 1973. Kinship bioassy. In: Genetic distance, J. F
     Crow and C Denniston (eds.). New York, Plenum Press, 97-104.
     Relethford, J. H. 1988. Estimation of kinship and genetic distance
     from surnames. Human Biology, 60(3): 475-492.

_S_e_e _A_l_s_o:

     'sur.freq' to generate the input surname frequency table from
     marriage data, 'surnames' for an explanation on how to generate
     the correct input table from other surname sources, 'lasker' for a
     similar kinship coefficient derived from surnames, 'hedrick' for a
     standardized kinship coefficient derived from surnames, 'rri' to
     calculate an unbiased estimate of Regional Random Isonymy from
     surnmaes 'rel.phi' to calculate an 'a priori' kinship matrix from
     isonymy data, 'rel.cond' to calculate a conditional kinship matrix
     from isonymy data

_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s:

     # starting from a raw marriage records dataset:
     data(valley)
     tot <- sur.freq(valley,PAR,SURM,SURF)
     tot # a frequency table calculated above all the surnames
     iso.matrix <- uri(tot)
     iso.matrix # a unbiased random isonymy matrix

     #starting from a generic surname frequency table
     data(surnames)
     surnames # a made-up dataset
     # you can see that the surnames are arranged as the _rows_
     # and the populations are the _columns_
     # the function "uri" turns this data into a unbiased random isonymy matrix
     iso.matrix <- uri(surnames)
     iso.matrix

