smoking                package:HSAUR                R Documentation

_N_i_c_o_t_i_n_e _G_u_m _a_n_d _S_m_o_k_i_n_g _C_e_s_s_a_t_i_o_n

_D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n:

     Data from a meta-analysis on nicotine gum and smoking cessation

_U_s_a_g_e:

     data("smoking")

_F_o_r_m_a_t:

     A data frame with 26 observations (studies) on the following 4
     variables.

     '_q_t' the number of treated subjetcs who stopped smoking. 

     '_t_t' the totla number of treated subjects.

     '_q_c' the number of  subjetcs who stopped smoking without being
          treated. 

     '_t_c' the total number of subject not being treated.

_D_e_t_a_i_l_s:

     Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the
     United States and kills more Americans than AIDS, alcohol, illegal
     drug use, car accidents, fires, murders and suicides combined. It
     has been estimated that 430,000 Americans die from smoking every
     year. Fighting tobacco use is, consequently, one of the major
     public health goals of our time and there are now many programs
     available designed to help smokers quit. One of the major aids
     used in these programs is nicotine chewing gum, which acts as a
     substitute oral activity and provides a source of nicotine that
     reduces the withdrawal symptoms experienced when smoking is
     stopped. But separate randomized clinical trials of nicotine gum
     have been largely inconclusive, leading Silagy (2003) to consider
     combining the results studies found from an extensive literature
     search. The results of these trials in terms of numbers of people
     in the treatment arm and the control arm who stopped smoking for
     at least 6 months after treatment are given here.

_S_o_u_r_c_e:

     C. Silagy (2003), Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking
     cessation (Cochrane Review). _The Cochrane Library_, *4*, John
     Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s:

       data("smoking", package = "HSAUR")
       boxplot(smoking$qt/smoking$tt,
               smoking$qc/smoking$tc,
               names = c("Treated", "Control"), ylab = "Percent Quitters")

