water                 package:HSAUR                 R Documentation

_M_o_r_t_a_l_i_t_y _a_n_d _W_a_t_e_r _H_a_r_d_n_e_s_s

_D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n:

     The mortality and drinking water hardness for 61 cities in England
     and Wales.

_U_s_a_g_e:

     data("water")

_F_o_r_m_a_t:

     A data frame with 61 observations on the following 4 variables.

     _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n a factor with levels 'North' and 'South' indicating
          whether the town is as north as Derby.

     _t_o_w_n the name of the town.

     _m_o_r_t_a_l_i_t_y averaged annual mortality per 100.000 male inhabitants.

     _h_a_r_d_n_e_s_s calcium concentration (in parts per million).

_D_e_t_a_i_l_s:

     The data were collected in an investigation of environmental
     causes of disease. They show the annual mortality per 100,000 for
     males, averaged over the years 1958-1964, and the calcium
     concentration (in parts per million) in the drinking water for 61
     large towns in England and Wales. The higher the  calcium
     concentration, the harder the water. Towns at least    as far
     north as Derby are identified in the table. Here there are several
     questions that might be of interest including, are mortality and
     water hardness related, and do either or both variables differ
     between northern and southern towns?

_S_o_u_r_c_e:

     D. J. Hand, F. Daly, A. D. Lunn, K. J. McConway and E. Ostrowski
     (1994). _A Handbook of Small Datasets_, Chapman and Hall/CRC,
     London.

_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s:

       data("water", package = "HSAUR")
       plot(mortality ~ hardness, data = water, 
            col = as.numeric(water$location))

