hydroSIMN               package:nsRFA               R Documentation

_D_a_t_a-_s_a_m_p_l_e

_D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n:

     SIMN (Servizio Idrografico e Mareografico Nazionale) flow data
     samples and catchment parameters.

_U_s_a_g_e:

      data(hydroSIMN)

_F_o_r_m_a_t:

     Data.frames:

     'annualflows' is the data.frame of the annual flows with 3
     columns:  'cod', the code of the station;  'anno', the year; 
     'dato', the value of the annual flow [mm].

     'parameters' is the data.frame of parameters of 47 catchements
     with 16 columns:  'cod', the code of the station; 'Dm', the mean
     annual streamflow [mm] as reported in the Pubblicazione n. 17;
     'Am', the mean annual rainfall [mm] as reported in the
     Pubblicazione n. 17; 'S', area of the plane projection of the
     drainage basin [km2]; 'Hm', mean elevation of the drainage basin
     [m a.s.l.];  'Pm', mean slope of the basin [%]:

               P_m=arctg(2(H_{med} - H_{min})/sqrt{S})

     where S is the basin area, H_{med} the median elevation and
     H_{min} the elevation of the closing section.  'Pm' is a slope
     measure of a square equivalent basin, and does not account for
     basin shape; 'LLDP',  length of the longest drainage path [km]. 
     The longest drainage path is the longest path between the basin
     outlet and the most distant point on the basin border, following
     drainage directions.  Actually the longest drainage path
     corresponds to the main stream plus the path on the hillslope that
     connects the stream source to the basin border; 'PLDP', slope of
     the longest drainage path [%]. Average of the slope values
     associated to each pixel in the longest drainage path; 'S2000',
     area above 2000 m a.s.l. [%]; 'EST', easting, sine of the angle
     between the segment connecting the center of mass and the outlet
     of the basin and the north.  'EST' is 1 if the basin is oriented
     eastward, -1 if it is oriented westward; 'NORD', northing,
     cosine of the angle between the segment connecting the center of
     mass and the outlet of the basin and the north. 'NORD' is 1 if the
     basin is oriented northward, -1 if it is oriented southward; 'Rc',
     circularity ratio Rc. Ratio between the basin area and the area of
     a circle having the same perimeter:

                       R_c = frac{4 pi S}{P^2}

     where P is the watershed perimeter; 'Xbar', longitude [deg] of the
     centroid of the plane projection of the drainage basin; 'Ybar',
     latitude [deg] of the centroid of the plane projection of the
     drainage basin; 'IT', Thornthwaite index:  a global moisture index
     that can be estimated, in its simplest form, as the ratio

                      I_T=frac{A_m - ET_0}{ET_0}

     where ET_0 is the mean annual potential evapotranspiration on the
     basin; 'IB', Budyko index: a radiational aridity index expressed
     as

                      I_B=frac{R_n}{lambda A_m}

     where R_n is the mean annual net radiation and lambda is the
     latent vaporization heat.  Values assumed by I_B are lower than 1
     for humid regions and greater than 1 in arid regions.

     'meanmonthlyflows' is the data.frame of the mean monthly
     streamflows [mm] as reported in the Pubblicazione n. 17. It has
     13 columns because the first one, 'cod', is the code of the
     station.

     'monthlyflows' is the data.frame of the monthly streamflows [mm]
     with 4 columns: 'cod', the code of the station; 'anno', the year;
     'mese', the month; 'dato', the value of the annual flow [mm].

_N_o_t_e:

     For information on the package and the Author, and for all the
     references, see 'nsRFA'.

_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s:

     data(hydroSIMN)
     annualflows
     summary(annualflows)
     x <- annualflows["dato"][,]
     cod <- annualflows["cod"][,] 
     split(x,cod)
     sapply(split(x,cod),mean)
     sapply(split(x,cod),median)
     sapply(split(x,cod),quantile)
     sapply(split(x,cod),Lmoments)

     parameters

