p.constrain {simecol} | R Documentation

## Transform Data Between Unconstrained and Box-constrained Scale

### Description

These functions can be used to transform a vector of data or parameters between unconstrained [-Inf, Inf] and box-constrained representation (interval [lower, upper]).

### Usage

    p.constrain(p, lower = -Inf, upper = Inf, f = 1)
    p.unconstrain(p, lower = -Inf, upper = Inf, f = 1)

### Arguments

`p` | vector of data (e.g. model parameters),
`lower, upper` | vectors with lower resp. upper bounds used for transformation,
`f` | optional scaling factor.

### Details

These functions are employed by `fitOdeModel` `ssqOdeModel` in order to be able to use the unconstrained optimizers of `optim` for constrained optimization.

The transformation functions are

p' = tan(pi/2 * (2 * p - upper - lower) / (upper - lower)) / f

and its inverse

p = 1/2 * (upper + lower) + (upper - lower) * arctan(f * p')/pi

.

### Value

vector with transformed (resp. back-transformed) values.

### References

This trick seems to be quite common, but in most cases it is preferred to apply optimizers that can handle constraints internally.

Reichert, T. (1998) AQUASIM 2.0 User Manual. Computer Program for the Identification and Simulation of Aquatic Systems. Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), CH - 8600 Duebendorf Switzerland, http://www.aquasim.eawag.ch/e_aquasim_manual.html

### See Also

`fitOdeModel`, `ssqOdeModel`

### Examples

    xx <- seq(-100, 100, 2)
    plot(xx, yy<-p.constrain(xx, -20, 45), type="l")
    points(p.unconstrain(yy, -20, 45), yy, col="red")

[Package simecol version 0.6-9 Index]