pvscale
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## pvscale

pvscale — Scale the frequency components of a pv stream.

## Description

Scale the frequency components of a pv stream, resulting in pitch shift. Output amplitudes can be optionally modified in order to attempt formant preservation.

## Syntax

    fsig pvscale fsigin, kscal[, kkeepform, kgain, kcoefs]

## Performance

fsig -- output pv stream

fsigin -- input pv stream

kscal -- scaling ratio.

kkeepform -- attempt to keep input signal formants; 0: do not keep formants; 1: keep formants using a liftered cepstrum method; 2: keep formants by using a true envelope method (defaults to 0).

kgain -- amplitude scaling (defaults to 1).

kcoefs -- number of cepstrum coefs used in formant preservation (defaults to 80).

The quality of the pitch shift will be improved with the use of a Hanning window in the pvoc analysis. Formant preservation method 1 is less intensive than method 2, which might not be suited to realtime use.

| Warning
It is unsafe to use the same f-variable for both input and output of pvs opcodes. Using the same one might lead to undefined behavior on some opcodes. Use a different one on the left and right sides of the opcode.

## Examples

Example 682. Example

    asig  in                                 ; get the signal in

    fsig  pvsanal   asig, 1024, 256, 1024, 1 ; analyse it
    ftps  pvscale   fsig, 1.5, 1, 1          ; transpose it keeping formants
    atps  pvsynth   ftps                     ; synthesise it

    adp   delayr    0.1                      ; delay original signal
    adel  deltapn   1024                     ; by 1024 samples
          delayw    asig
          out       atps + adel              ; add tranposed and original

The example above shows a vocal harmoniser. The delay is necessary to time-align the signals, as the analysis-synthesis process will imply a delay of 1024 samples between the analysis input and the synthesis output.

Here is an example of the use of the pvscale opcode. It uses the file pvscale.csd.

Example 683. Example of the pvscale opcode.

See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.

    <CsoundSynthesizer>
    <CsOptions>
    -odac
    </CsOptions>
    <CsInstruments>

    sr = 44100
    ksmps = 16
    nchnls = 1
    0dbfs = 1

    ;; example written by joachim heintz 2009

    instr 1
    ifftsize	=		1024
    ioverlap	=		ifftsize / 4
    iwinsize	=		ifftsize
    iwinshape	=		1; von-Hann window
    Sfile		=		"fox.wav"
    ain		soundin	Sfile
    fftin		pvsanal	ain, ifftsize, ioverlap, iwinsize, iwinshape; fft-analysis of the audio-signal
    fftblur	pvscale	fftin, p4, p5, p6; scale
    aout		pvsynth	fftblur; resynthesis
    		out		aout
    endin

    </CsInstruments>
    <CsScore>
    i 1 0 3 1 0 1; original sound
    i 1 3 3 1.5 0 2; fifth higher without ...
    i 1 6 3 1.5 1 2; ... and with different ...
    i 1 9 3 1.5 2 5; ... kinds of formant preservation
    e
    </CsScore>
    </CsoundSynthesizer>

## See Also

pvsanal, pvsynth, pvsadsyn

## Credits

Author: Victor Lazzarini
November 2004

New plugin in version 5

November 2004.

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