#### Previous topic

scipy.sparse.csgraph.johnson

#### Next topic

scipy.sparse.csgraph.depth_first_order

# scipy.sparse.csgraph.breadth_first_order

`scipy.sparse.csgraph.``breadth_first_order`(csgraph, i_start, directed=True, return_predecessors=True)

  Return a breadth-first ordering starting with specified node.

  Note that a breadth-first order is not unique, but the tree which it generates is unique.

  New in version 0.11.0.

  Parameters: | csgraph : array_like or sparse matrix The N x N compressed sparse graph. The input csgraph will be converted to csr format for the calculation. i_start : int The index of starting node. directed : bool, optional If True (default), then operate on a directed graph: only move from point i to point j along paths csgraph[i, j]. If False, then find the shortest path on an undirected graph: the algorithm can progress from point i to j along csgraph[i, j] or csgraph[j, i]. return_predecessors : bool, optional If True (default), then return the predecesor array (see below).
  Returns: | node_array : ndarray, one dimension The breadth-first list of nodes, starting with specified node. The length of node_array is the number of nodes reachable from the specified node. predecessors : ndarray, one dimension Returned only if return_predecessors is True. The length-N list of predecessors of each node in a breadth-first tree. If node i is in the tree, then its parent is given by predecessors[i]. If node i is not in the tree (and for the parent node) then predecessors[i] = -9999.