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# scipy.ndimage.geometric_transform

`scipy.ndimage.``geometric_transform`(input, mapping, output_shape=None, output=None, order=3, mode='constant', cval=0.0, prefilter=True, extra_arguments=(), extra_keywords={})

  Apply an arbitrary geometric transform.

  The given mapping function is used to find, for each point in the output, the corresponding coordinates in the input. The value of the input at those coordinates is determined by spline interpolation of the requested order.

  Parameters: | input : array_like The input array. mapping : {callable, scipy.LowLevelCallable} A callable object that accepts a tuple of length equal to the output array rank, and returns the corresponding input coordinates as a tuple of length equal to the input array rank. output_shape : tuple of ints, optional Shape tuple. output : ndarray or dtype, optional The array in which to place the output, or the dtype of the returned array. order : int, optional The order of the spline interpolation, default is 3. The order has to be in the range 0-5. mode : str, optional Points outside the boundaries of the input are filled according to the given mode (‘constant’, ‘nearest’, ‘reflect’, ‘mirror’ or ‘wrap’). Default is ‘constant’. cval : scalar, optional Value used for points outside the boundaries of the input if `mode='constant'`. Default is 0.0 prefilter : bool, optional The parameter prefilter determines if the input is pre-filtered with `spline_filter` before interpolation (necessary for spline interpolation of order > 1). If False, it is assumed that the input is already filtered. Default is True. extra_arguments : tuple, optional Extra arguments passed to mapping. extra_keywords : dict, optional Extra keywords passed to mapping.
  Returns: | return_value : ndarray or None The filtered input. If output is given as a parameter, None is returned.

  See also

  `map_coordinates`, `affine_transform`, `spline_filter1d`

  Notes

  This function also accepts low-level callback functions with one the following signatures and wrapped in `scipy.LowLevelCallable`:

      int mapping(npy_intp *output_coordinates, double *input_coordinates,
                  int output_rank, int input_rank, void *user_data)
      int mapping(intptr_t *output_coordinates, double *input_coordinates,
                  int output_rank, int input_rank, void *user_data)

  The calling function iterates over the elements of the output array, calling the callback function at each element. The coordinates of the current output element are passed through `output_coordinates`. The callback function must return the coordinates at which the input must be interpolated in `input_coordinates`. The rank of the input and output arrays are given by `input_rank` and `output_rank` respectively. `user_data` is the data pointer provided to `scipy.LowLevelCallable` as-is.

  The callback function must return an integer error status that is zero if something went wrong and one otherwise. If an error occurs, you should normally set the python error status with an informative message before returning, otherwise a default error message is set by the calling function.

  In addition, some other low-level function pointer specifications are accepted, but these are for backward compatibility only and should not be used in new code.

  Examples

      >>> from scipy import ndimage
      >>> a = np.arange(12.).reshape((4, 3))
      >>> def shift_func(output_coords):
      ...     return (output_coords[0] - 0.5, output_coords[1] - 0.5)
      ...
      >>> ndimage.geometric_transform(a, shift_func)
      array([[ 0.   ,  0.   ,  0.   ],
             [ 0.   ,  1.362,  2.738],
             [ 0.   ,  4.812,  6.187],
             [ 0.   ,  8.263,  9.637]])