/* * linux/init/main.c * * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds */ #include <stdarg.h> #include <asm/system.h> #include <asm/io.h> #include <linux/mktime.h> #include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/fcntl.h> #include <linux/config.h> #include <linux/sched.h> #include <linux/tty.h> #include <linux/head.h> #include <linux/unistd.h> #include <linux/string.h> #include <linux/timer.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/ctype.h> #include <linux/delay.h> extern unsigned long * prof_buffer; extern unsigned long prof_len; extern char edata, end; extern char *linux_banner; /* * we need this inline - forking from kernel space will result * in NO COPY ON WRITE (!!!), until an execve is executed. This * is no problem, but for the stack. This is handled by not letting * main() use the stack at all after fork(). Thus, no function * calls - which means inline code for fork too, as otherwise we * would use the stack upon exit from 'fork()'. * * Actually only pause and fork are needed inline, so that there * won't be any messing with the stack from main(), but we define * some others too. */ static inline _syscall0(int,idle) static inline _syscall0(int,fork) static inline _syscall0(int,pause) static inline _syscall1(int,setup,void *,BIOS) static inline _syscall0(int,sync) static inline _syscall0(pid_t,setsid) static inline _syscall3(int,write,int,fd,const char *,buf,off_t,count) static inline _syscall1(int,dup,int,fd) static inline _syscall3(int,execve,const char *,file,char **,argv,char **,envp) static inline _syscall3(int,open,const char *,file,int,flag,int,mode) static inline _syscall1(int,close,int,fd) static inline _syscall1(int,exit,int,exitcode) static inline _syscall3(pid_t,waitpid,pid_t,pid,int *,wait_stat,int,options) static inline pid_t wait(int * wait_stat) { return waitpid(-1,wait_stat,0); } static char printbuf[1024]; extern char empty_zero_page[4096]; extern int vsprintf(char *,const char *,va_list); extern void init(void); extern void init_IRQ(void); extern long blk_dev_init(long,long); extern long chr_dev_init(long,long); extern void floppy_init(void); extern void sock_init(void); extern long rd_init(long mem_start, int length); extern long kernel_mktime(struct mktime * time); extern unsigned long simple_strtoul(const char *,char **,unsigned int); extern void hd_setup(char *str, int *ints); extern void bmouse_setup(char *str, int *ints); extern void eth_setup(char *str, int *ints); #ifdef CONFIG_SYSVIPC extern void ipc_init(void); #endif #ifdef CONFIG_SCSI extern unsigned long scsi_dev_init(unsigned long, unsigned long); #endif /* * This is set up by the setup-routine at boot-time */ #define PARAM empty_zero_page #define EXT_MEM_K (*(unsigned short *) (PARAM+2)) #define DRIVE_INFO (*(struct drive_info_struct *) (PARAM+0x80)) #define SCREEN_INFO (*(struct screen_info *) (PARAM+0)) #define MOUNT_ROOT_RDONLY (*(unsigned short *) (PARAM+0x1F2)) #define RAMDISK_SIZE (*(unsigned short *) (PARAM+0x1F8)) #define ORIG_ROOT_DEV (*(unsigned short *) (PARAM+0x1FC)) #define AUX_DEVICE_INFO (*(unsigned char *) (PARAM+0x1FF)) /* * Boot command-line arguments */ #define MAX_INIT_ARGS 8 #define MAX_INIT_ENVS 8 #define COMMAND_LINE ((char *) (PARAM+2048)) /* * Yeah, yeah, it's ugly, but I cannot find how to do this correctly * and this seems to work. I anybody has more info on the real-time * clock I'd be interested. Most of this was trial and error, and some * bios-listing reading. Urghh. */ #define CMOS_READ(addr) ({ \ outb_p(addr,0x70); \ inb_p(0x71); \ }) #define BCD_TO_BIN(val) ((val)=((val)&15) + ((val)>>4)*10) static void time_init(void) { struct mktime time; int i; for (i = 0 ; i < 1000000 ; i++) if (!(CMOS_READ(10) & 0x80)) break; do { time.sec = CMOS_READ(0); time.min = CMOS_READ(2); time.hour = CMOS_READ(4); time.day = CMOS_READ(7); time.mon = CMOS_READ(8); time.year = CMOS_READ(9); } while (time.sec != CMOS_READ(0)); BCD_TO_BIN(time.sec); BCD_TO_BIN(time.min); BCD_TO_BIN(time.hour); BCD_TO_BIN(time.day); BCD_TO_BIN(time.mon); BCD_TO_BIN(time.year); time.mon--; startup_time = kernel_mktime(&time); } static unsigned long memory_start = 0; /* After mem_init, stores the */ /* amount of free user memory */ static unsigned long memory_end = 0; static unsigned long low_memory_start = 0; static char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, }; static char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=console", NULL, }; static char * argv_rc[] = { "/bin/sh", NULL }; static char * envp_rc[] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=console", NULL }; static char * argv[] = { "-/bin/sh",NULL }; static char * envp[] = { "HOME=/usr/root", "TERM=console", NULL }; struct drive_info_struct { char dummy[32]; } drive_info; struct screen_info screen_info; unsigned char aux_device_present; int ramdisk_size; int root_mountflags = 0; static char fpu_error = 0; static char command_line[80] = { 0, }; char *get_options(char *str, int *ints) { char *cur = str; int i=1; while (cur && isdigit(*cur) && i <= 10) { ints[i++] = simple_strtoul(cur,NULL,0); if ((cur = strchr(cur,',')) != NULL) cur++; } ints[0] = i-1; return(cur); } struct { char *str; void (*setup_func)(char *, int *); } bootsetups[] = { #ifdef CONFIG_INET { "ether=", eth_setup }, #endif #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_HD { "hd=", hd_setup }, #endif #ifdef CONFIG_BUSMOUSE { "bmouse=", bmouse_setup }, #endif { 0, 0 } }; int checksetup(char *line) { int i = 0; int ints[11]; while (bootsetups[i].str) { int n = strlen(bootsetups[i].str); if (!strncmp(line,bootsetups[i].str,n)) { bootsetups[i].setup_func(get_options(line+n,ints), ints); return(0); } i++; } return(1); } unsigned long loops_per_sec = 1; static void calibrate_delay(void) { int ticks; printk("Calibrating delay loop.. "); while (loops_per_sec <<= 1) { ticks = jiffies; __delay(loops_per_sec); ticks = jiffies - ticks; if (ticks >= HZ) { __asm__("mull %1 ; divl %2" :"=a" (loops_per_sec) :"d" (HZ), "r" (ticks), "0" (loops_per_sec) :"dx"); printk("ok - %d.%02d BogoMips (tm)\n", loops_per_sec/500000, (loops_per_sec/5000) % 100); return; } } printk("failed\n"); } /* * This is a simple kernel command line parsing function: it parses * the command line, and fills in the arguments/environment to init * as appropriate. Any cmd-line option is taken to be an environment * variable if it contains the character '='. * * * This routine also checks for options meant for the kernel - currently * only the "root=XXXX" option is recognized. These options are not given * to init - they are for internal kernel use only. */ static void parse_options(char *line) { char *next; char *devnames[] = { "hda", "hdb", "sda", "sdb", "sdc", "sdd", "sde", "fd", NULL }; int devnums[] = { 0x300, 0x340, 0x800, 0x810, 0x820, 0x830, 0x840, 0x200, 0}; int args, envs; if (!*line) return; args = 0; envs = 1; /* TERM is set to 'console' by default */ next = line; while ((line = next) != NULL) { if ((next = strchr(line,' ')) != NULL) *next++ = 0; /* * check for kernel options first.. */ if (!strncmp(line,"root=",5)) { int n; line += 5; if (strncmp(line,"/dev/",5)) { ROOT_DEV = simple_strtoul(line,NULL,16); continue; } line += 5; for (n = 0 ; devnames[n] ; n++) { int len = strlen(devnames[n]); if (!strncmp(line,devnames[n],len)) { ROOT_DEV = devnums[n]+simple_strtoul(line+len,NULL,16); break; } } } else if (!strcmp(line,"ro")) root_mountflags |= MS_RDONLY; else if (!strcmp(line,"rw")) root_mountflags &= ~MS_RDONLY; else if (!strcmp(line,"no387")) { hard_math = 0; __asm__("movl %%cr0,%%eax\n\t" "orl $0xE,%%eax\n\t" "movl %%eax,%%cr0\n\t" : : : "ax"); } else checksetup(line); /* * Then check if it's an environment variable or * an option. */ if (strchr(line,'=')) { if (envs >= MAX_INIT_ENVS) break; envp_init[++envs] = line; } else { if (args >= MAX_INIT_ARGS) break; argv_init[++args] = line; } } argv_init[args+1] = NULL; envp_init[envs+1] = NULL; } static void copro_timeout(void) { fpu_error = 1; timer_table[COPRO_TIMER].expires = jiffies+100; timer_active |= 1<<COPRO_TIMER; printk("387 failed: trying to reset\n"); send_sig(SIGFPE, last_task_used_math, 1); outb_p(0,0xf1); outb_p(0,0xf0); } extern "C" void start_kernel(void) { /* * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then * enable them */ ROOT_DEV = ORIG_ROOT_DEV; drive_info = DRIVE_INFO; screen_info = SCREEN_INFO; aux_device_present = AUX_DEVICE_INFO; memory_end = (1<<20) + (EXT_MEM_K<<10); memory_end &= 0xfffff000; ramdisk_size = RAMDISK_SIZE; strcpy(command_line,COMMAND_LINE); #ifdef CONFIG_MAX_16M if (memory_end > 16*1024*1024) memory_end = 16*1024*1024; #endif if (MOUNT_ROOT_RDONLY) root_mountflags |= MS_RDONLY; if ((unsigned long)&end >= (1024*1024)) { memory_start = (unsigned long) &end; low_memory_start = 4096; } else { memory_start = 1024*1024; low_memory_start = (unsigned long) &end; } low_memory_start += 0xfff; low_memory_start &= 0xfffff000; memory_start = paging_init(memory_start,memory_end); trap_init(); init_IRQ(); sched_init(); parse_options(command_line); #ifdef CONFIG_PROFILE prof_buffer = (unsigned long *) memory_start; prof_len = (unsigned long) &end; prof_len >>= 2; memory_start += prof_len * sizeof(unsigned long); #endif memory_start = chr_dev_init(memory_start,memory_end); memory_start = blk_dev_init(memory_start,memory_end); #ifdef CONFIG_SCSI memory_start = scsi_dev_init(memory_start,memory_end); #endif memory_start = inode_init(memory_start,memory_end); memory_start = file_table_init(memory_start,memory_end); mem_init(low_memory_start,memory_start,memory_end); buffer_init(); time_init(); floppy_init(); sock_init(); #ifdef CONFIG_SYSVIPC ipc_init(); #endif sti(); calibrate_delay(); /* * check if exception 16 works correctly.. This is truly evil * code: it disables the high 8 interrupts to make sure that * the irq13 doesn't happen. But as this will lead to a lockup * if no exception16 arrives, it depends on the fact that the * high 8 interrupts will be re-enabled by the next timer tick. * So the irq13 will happen eventually, but the exception 16 * should get there first.. */ if (hard_math) { unsigned short control_word; printk("Checking 386/387 coupling... "); timer_table[COPRO_TIMER].expires = jiffies+50; timer_table[COPRO_TIMER].fn = copro_timeout; timer_active |= 1<<COPRO_TIMER; __asm__("clts ; fninit ; fnstcw %0 ; fwait":"=m" (*&control_word)); control_word &= 0xffc0; __asm__("fldcw %0 ; fwait": :"m" (*&control_word)); outb_p(inb_p(0x21) | (1 << 2), 0x21); __asm__("fldz ; fld1 ; fdiv %st,%st(1) ; fwait"); timer_active &= ~(1<<COPRO_TIMER); if (!fpu_error) printk("Ok, fpu using %s error reporting.\n", ignore_irq13?"exception 16":"irq13"); } move_to_user_mode(); if (!fork()) /* we count on this going ok */ init(); /* * task[0] is meant to be used as an "idle" task: it may not sleep, but * it might do some general things like count free pages or it could be * used to implement a reasonable LRU algorithm for the paging routines: * anything that can be useful, but shouldn't take time from the real * processes. * * Right now task[0] just does a infinite idle loop. */ for(;;) idle(); } static int printf(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list args; int i; va_start(args, fmt); write(1,printbuf,i=vsprintf(printbuf, fmt, args)); va_end(args); return i; } void init(void) { int pid,i; setup((void *) &drive_info); (void) open("/dev/tty1",O_RDWR,0); (void) dup(0); (void) dup(0); printf(linux_banner); execve("/etc/init",argv_init,envp_init); execve("/bin/init",argv_init,envp_init); execve("/sbin/init",argv_init,envp_init); /* if this fails, fall through to original stuff */ if (!(pid=fork())) { close(0); if (open("/etc/rc",O_RDONLY,0)) exit(1); execve("/bin/sh",argv_rc,envp_rc); exit(2); } if (pid>0) while (pid != wait(&i)) /* nothing */; while (1) { if ((pid = fork()) < 0) { printf("Fork failed in init\n\r"); continue; } if (!pid) { close(0);close(1);close(2); setsid(); (void) open("/dev/tty1",O_RDWR,0); (void) dup(0); (void) dup(0); exit(execve("/bin/sh",argv,envp)); } while (1) if (pid == wait(&i)) break; printf("\n\rchild %d died with code %04x\n\r",pid,i); sync(); } exit(0); }